Does Chronotype explain Daily Timing of Music Behaviours?
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Does Chronotype explain Daily Timing of Music Behaviours?
The daily timing and performance of cognitive and motor activities is influenced by circadian rhythms. Music performances often occur in the evening and late at night, and previous research suggests that musicians' chronotypes and the time of day of music performance influence how well music is performed. There is some evidence that composing musicians tend to be later chronotypes than non-composing musicians and non-musicians. However, chronotype and daily music performance habits in performing musicians have yet to be investigated quantitively. This study examined chronotype in active/performing musicians and non-musicians, investigating whether musicians' chronotype was related to the daily timing of music performance. As data was collected during the global COVID-19 pandemic, we also examined whether daily musical, athletic, social, and sleep habits were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Ninety-seven active/performing and inactive musicians and non-musicians were recruited within Canada (daylight control) from June to September 2020. Participants completed a 7-day online activity and sleep diary containing questions about their daily musical, exercise, and social activities as well as their sleep patterns. Information about participants' chronotype, musical background, and changes to their daily activities from the pre-COVID-19 period to the COVID-19 period were also collected. The sample contained more evening chronotypes than morning chronotypes. Performing musicians tended to be earlier chronotypes, but group differences in chronotype were not significant. Musicians' chronotype predicted the time of day that musicians made music: Early chronotypes tended to make music earlier in the day and late chronotypes tended to make music later in the day. Musicians reported performing music less during COVID-19 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period but reported no changes in daily timing of music performance or practice. Sleep onset time tended to be later, social interaction decreased, and exercise amount changed during the COVID-19 period compared to the pre-COVID-19 period regardless of musicianship. No COVID-related changes were reported in the daily timing of exercise, social interaction, or morning wake-up. Contrary to previous findings, these findings suggest that performing musicians may be slightly earlier chronotypes than non-performing musicians and non-musicians despite music performances often occurring in the evening. They also indicate that chronotype predicts the time of day of music making suggesting there may be optimal times of day for making music based on an individual's circadian rhythms. The daily timing of musicians' activities was largely unchanged during the COVID-19 period, suggesting the daily timing of music making reported in this study was not an artefact of schedule disruptions due to COVID-19 restrictions.