Effects of musical tempo and spontaneous rates on pain perception
Wenbo Yi is a Ph.D. student in the Department of Psychology at McGill University. He pursued studies in music at the Bachelor's and Master’s levels in China, following which he obtained a Master’s degree in Music, Communication and Technology from the University of Oslo, Norway. His ongoing research applies recurrence quantification techniques to analyze musicians' behavioral and physiological measures.
Effects of musical tempo and spontaneous rates on pain perception
Music has been shown to mitigate pain perception in experimental and medical contexts. There is a lack of investigation of how music's properties such as tempo influence pain perception. Intrinsic dynamics of individuals' spontaneous music rates (preferred tempi at which musicians and non-musicians produce a familiar melody) indicate optimal rates at which music is produced most efficiently (with least temporal variability). The current study examined the influence of musical tempo and spontaneous production rates on pain perception. Each participant first tapped a familiar melody at a spontaneous rate. Then novel musical excerpts matched with each participant's chosen musical style were created at specific tempo matched to the participant's SPR, 15% faster, and 15% slower. Each participant experienced pain in four conditions: pain with no music, pain with music set to the individual's SPR tempo, pain with music at 15% faster tempo, and pain with music at 15% slower tempo. On each trial, a heat thermode was applied to the inner arm and participants reported perceived pain and cardiac activity. Pain perception ratings were significantly reduced in the presence compared to the absence of music. Furthermore, the SPR tempo elicited lower pain ratings compared to slower and faster tempo conditions; there were no differences in participants' reported preferences for the music tempo versions. These findings suggest that musical tempo affects pain perception and is optimized at individuals' spontaneous rates that may reflect perceptual entrainment of listeners' intrinsic dynamics to music.